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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Road accident with a LH2 tanker

Event

Event ID
356
Quality
Description

The accident occurred on highway with a loaded LH2 tanker. the trailer started to jack­ knife after driver applied brakes, it swung around 180° and continued to slide into the shoulder. The trailer separated from the tractor, turned over in the ditch and continued to slide about 80 feet on its side. The kingpin flange tore loose from the trailer; trailer remained upright and did not suffered any damage. Some time after accident, safety discs opened and the liquid hydrogen was dumped into snow and mud.
The LH2 was emptied about 1 hour after the discs ruptured.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Unignited Hydrogen Release
Nature of the consequences
leak no ignition
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
-
Component involved
PRD (burst disc)
Failure mode
correct activation & venting
Initiating cause
impact, rollover, crash
Root CAUSE analysis

The INITIATING CAUSE was a loss of control of the vehicle on a highway.
The driver noted a car in the lane traveling at slow speed; he started to apply the brakes, which caused causing the trailer to jack-knife. He applied more power, and the trailer swung 180° to the right side leading the tractor.

Light snow was falling, and the road was wet. There was a strong wind, but no chain warning, and the driver stated he was not speeding.

The ROOT CAUSE was an error of the driver. A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR were harsh environmental conditions on the road.

Root causes
Date entry in HIAD
16/11/2024

Facility

Application
Hydrogen transport and distribution
Sub-application
LH2 tanker
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

burst disc

Process temperature range [C]
cryogenic temperature (below -50°C)
Process pressure range [MPa]
low to medium pressure (below 2 MPa)
Location type
Open
Location
highway or similar
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences

Light snow was falling and the road was wet. There was a strong wind, but no chain warning

Description of the facility/unit/process/substances

Edeskudy assumed a standard a standard capacity of 3,000 gallons (50 m3) capacity unit, although Ordin does not report it. This correspond to a nominal laod of 3480 kg of hydrogen.

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
0

In-depth data

Release type
liquid
Involved substances (% vol)
H2 100%
Release pressure [MPa]
< 1.0
Probable IGNITION SOURCE

References

Sources categories
ORDIN
Reference & weblink

Mishap no 4 in
P. L. Ordin, Review of hydrogen accidents and incidents in NASA operations, 1974, NASA TM X-71565
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020344

Same description uptaken in Edeskuty, section 4.3.1.1
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6566138
(accessed January 2026)