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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Liquid hydrogen release from a tanker

Event

Event ID
1011
Quality
Description

The tanker truck was carrying nearly 13,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen (3480 kg). While turning around in the parking place of a local grocery store, the driver hit the base of a light pole. The vent valve of the LH2 tank was severed and started leaking liquid hydrogen. One of the source reported that the leaking hydrogen created an evaporting pool on the ground witha diamter of 19.2 yards (17.6 m).

Experts from both the U.S. and Canada arrived to investigate the accident. They evacuated all local businesses and roads leading to the grocery store parking lot. Officials were able to off-load the liquid hydrogen from the damaged tanker truck to another tanker and remove it from the area. Nobody was physically harmed by the incident. The intervention lasted approximately 20 hours.

One source reported a loss of only 2000 gallon of hydrogen (540 kg), corresponding to approximately 15% of the total content. Another source reported a loss of 1470 kg, corresponding to 42% of the content. The latter source (See refrence, Luo e al.) reprot also that the spill lasted 4 minutes, with a max leak rate of 2190 pounds/minute (990 kg/minute).

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Unignited Hydrogen Release
Nature of the consequences
leak no ignition
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
Component involved
cryogenic valve
Failure mode
rupture, no ignition
Initiating cause
impact, rollover, crash
Root CAUSE analysis

ROOT CAUSE: a mistake in manoeuvring.

Root causes
Date entry in HIAD
01/01/2020

Facility

Application
Hydrogen transport and distribution
Sub-application
LH2 tanker
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

vent line

Process temperature range [C]
cryogenic temperature (below -50°C)
Process pressure range [MPa]
low to medium pressure (below 2 MPa)
Location type
Open
Location
populated area
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences

The accident occurred when the driver was turning in a parking place.

Description of the facility/unit/process/substances

DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT
The tank was 40 feet long with adiameter of 8 feet.
Tank Volume 15,040 gallons
The quantity of hydrogen carried corresponded to 86% of the maximal tansport capacity of 4030 kg.

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
0
Currency
US$
Property loss (onsite)
242.924
Post-event summary

no explosions, no injuries, and no damage to any nearby houses or businesses.
One source reported a loss of only 2000 gallon of hydrogen (540 kg), corresponding to approximately 15% of the total content. Another source reported a loss of 3234 punds (1470 kg), corresponding to 42% of the content.

Official legal action

the driver received a traffic violation

Emergency action

As experts from both the U.S. and Canada arrived to investigate the accident and help determine the safest way to handle the incident, officials eventually were able to off-load the liquid hydrogen from the damaged tanker truck to another tanker and remove it from the area. The whole incident lasted about 20 hours and resulted in no explosions, no injuries, and no damage to any nearby houses or businesses.

Lesson Learnt

Lesson Learnt

After the crash into the pole, local officials on hand realised the danger because the truck was properly labelled with a UN1966 placard. Therefore, officials were able to respond quickly and evacuated all local businesses and roads leading to the grocery store parking lot where the accident took place. Officials went door to door to local residents recommending that they seek shelter. The main goal was to not only keep everyone in nearby houses and businesses informed of the incident and safe, but to also stop any potential leaking.
This conforms the importance of the proper label, made clearly visible on the hazardous materials transporter.

In-depth data

Release type
Liquid
Involved substances (% vol)
H2 100%
Released amount (kg)
536.33610900833
Release pressure [MPa]
1
Probable IGNITION SOURCE

References

Sources categories
PHMSA
Reference & weblink

Incident E-2017110428 of the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration PHMSA:
https://portal.phmsa.dot.gov/analytics/saw.dll?Portalpages&PortalPath=%…
(accessed September 2024)

Online news of the Compliance Center, November 16, 2017:
https://www.thecompliancecenter.com/ca/hazmat-incident-in-niagara-falls/
(accessed Dec 2024)

Luo et al, Modelling the consequences of a liquid hydrogen leak using ALOHA software: Case Study of a Liquid Hydrogen (UN1966) Tanker Accident, International Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, 3 (2024), https://doi.org/10.62051/ijnres.v3n1.16