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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Fire in a process reactor of a chemical plant.

Event

Event ID
842
Quality
Description

A deflagration occurred at a chemical plant during a synthesis operation involving sodium tri-acetoxy-borohydride inside a 5,300-litre reactor.
During the progress of the synthesis reaction, the technician observed that the acetic acid (CH3COOH) intake pipe was blocked. After opening the manhole with a wooden pole, the shop foreman dropped the stalactite of solidified acetic acid in the reactor: the resulting blast injured the foreman.
The event was caused by ignition of the hydrogen produced from the dropped quantity of acetic acid. The maximum amount of acetic acid introduced into the reactor was estimated by the operator at 3 kg, and it led to the formation of approx. 100 grams of hydrogen in this 5,300-liter reactor.
The accident had no impact either on the environment or on other shop installations.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Hydrogen Release and Ignition
Nature of the consequences
Macro-region
Europe
Country
France
Date
Component involved
reactor / oven / furnace / test chamber
Failure mode
rupture & ignition
Initiating cause
run-away reaction
Root CAUSE analysis

The INITIATING cause of the blast was a manual, unplanned operation of the chemical reactor, in an attempt to troubleshooting the chemical process.
This operation brought a person direction in contact with the substances in the reactor. It was not an individual: a foreman was present. Since the problem looks as a recurrent case (the crew knew what to do), the ROOT CAUSE must be attributed to management failure to guarantee safe operations of he plant.

Root causes
Date entry in HIAD
01/01/2020

Facility

Application
Chemical industry
Sub-application
Inorganic chemicals products
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

reactor dedicated to acetic acid, sodium tri-acetoxy-borohydride

Location type
Confined
Location
industrial area
Operational condition
Description of the facility/unit/process/substances

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS
Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, also known as sodium triacetoxyhydroborate, commonly abbreviated STAB, is a chemical compound with the formula Na(CH3COO)3BH. Like other borohydrides, it is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis (Wikipedia).

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
1
Post-event summary

Blast severely burned the foreman’s face.
The accident had no impact either on the environment or on other shop installations.

In-depth data

Release type
gas
Involved substances (% vol)
H2 100%
Released amount (kg)
0.1
Probable IGNITION SOURCE
Explosion type
Deflagration

References

Sources categories
ARIA
Reference & weblink

ARIA data base
event no. 34921