Event
- Event ID
- 975
- Quality
- Description
A catastrophic failure of the low pressure turbine followed by fire and flooding severely damaged the generator.
The main turbine automatically tripped due to an erroneous mechanical over speed signal caused by high vibrations. The reactor, which was operating at 93 percent power, received an automatic scram signal triggered by the turbine trip. The high vibration was caused by catastrophic failure of the turbine blades. Ejected blade parts ripped through the turbine casing and severed condenser tubes and other piping.
Water from the fire suppression system and the damaged water lines accumulated in the basement of the turbine building and the adjacent radioactive waste processing building.
There was also a hydrogen fire in the generator's exciter due to breakage of generator sealing.
The reactor scrammed and the safety systems worked as expected.- Event Initiating system
- Classification of the physical effects
- Hydrogen Release and Ignition
- Nature of the consequences
- fire
- Macro-region
- North America
- Country
- United States
- Date
- Component involved
- H2 coolant system (pipe)
- Failure mode
- rupture & ignition
- Initiating cause
- conventional component failure (turbine-generator)
- Root CAUSE analysis
INITIATING CAUSE was high vibration and sudden failure of the turbine blades.
ROOT CAUSE(S)
Safety systems functioned properly. Some sources reported the lack of emergency procedure in case of water flooding. According the "List of nuclear power accidents by country" provided by Wikipedia, the main turbine experienced this major failure due to improper maintenance (ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country (accessed November 2020).- Root causes
- Date entry in HIAD
- 01/01/2024
Facility
- Application
- Power plant
- Sub-application
- Nuclear power plant
- Hydrogen supply chain stage
- All components affected
steam turbine, generator, cooling system
- Process temperature range [C]
- Above ambient temperature (50°C to 100°C)
- Location type
- Unknown
- Location
- industrial area
- Operational condition
- Pre-event occurrences
According to a source, "The accident happened without any warning. "
Emergency & Consequences
- Number of fatalities
- 0
- Number of injured persons
- 0
- Post-event summary
Repair cost are estimated at US$67 million. Radioactive releases were confined to noble gases in the steam within the turbine. (some sources report also release of contaminated water). Fire and flooding damaged other parts of the system, including exciter and condenser.
Plant was down for all of 1994 to repairing the turbine and clean the water contamination.- Emergency action
The reactor scrammed and all the e safety system worked properly. The tube damage resulted in circulating emergency cooling water from the nearby lake being pumped into the reactor cooling system.
While a source (EcoWatch, see reference) speaks of a 'large fire" and reports that "The plant’s fire brigade took 37 minutes to muster, dress and enter the turbine building to fight the fire. Their efforts were hindered by numerous communication problems", another source (ch2bc) mentions only that the hydrogen fire "was put out with a hand held fire extinguisher. "
Lesson Learnt
- Lesson Learnt
For a general on the risk of fire in power plant turbine buildings, see HIAD ID = 042.
Assuming that improper maintenance could have been one root cause, it confirm a general on the fact that regular maintenance and inspection could have helped to prevent the catastrophic turbine failure.
In-depth data
- Release type
- gas
- Involved substances (% vol)
- H2 100%
- Release temperature [°C]
- 25
- Probable IGNITION SOURCE
References
- Sources categories
- NRC
- Reference & weblink
US Nuclear Regulation Commission Report of 4 January 1994 https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2005/ML20059E689.pdf (accessed November 2020)
NUREG-0090 Vol. 16, No. 4
Report to Congress on Abnormal OccurrencesNRC report on ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, July 29, 1994;
https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0207/ML020730333.pdf
(accessed November 2020)This event is listed in From T. VIROLAINEN, J. MARTTILA, H. AULAMO, "TURRBINE GENERATORS AT VVER-440 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS”, in "Upgrading of fire safety in nuclear power plants", IAEA-TECDOC-1014, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Vienna (Austria), 18-21 November 1997
https://www.iaea.org/publications/5310/upgrading-of-fire-safety-in-nucl…
(accessed July 2024)