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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Fire at a generator of a power plant

Event

Event ID
975
Quality
Description

A catastrophic failure of the low pressure turbine followed by fire and flooding severely damaged the generator.

The main turbine automatically tripped due to an erroneous mechanical over speed signal caused by high vibrations. The reactor, which was operating at 93 percent power, received an automatic scram signal triggered by the turbine trip. The high vibration was caused by catastrophic failure of the turbine blades. Ejected blade parts ripped through the turbine casing and severed condenser tubes and other piping.
Water from the fire suppression system and the damaged water lines accumulated in the basement of the turbine building and the adjacent radioactive waste processing building.
There was also a hydrogen fire in the generator's exciter due to breakage of generator sealing.
The reactor scrammed and the safety systems worked as expected.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Hydrogen Release and Ignition
Nature of the consequences
fire
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
Component involved
H2 coolant system (pipe)
Failure mode
rupture & ignition
Initiating cause
conventional component failure (turbine-generator)
Root CAUSE analysis

INITIATING CAUSE was high vibration and sudden failure of the turbine blades.

ROOT CAUSE(S)
Safety systems functioned properly. Some sources reported the lack of emergency procedure in case of water flooding. According the "List of nuclear power accidents by country" provided by Wikipedia, the main turbine experienced this major failure due to improper maintenance (ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country (accessed November 2020).

Root causes
Date entry in HIAD
01/01/2024

Facility

Application
Power plant
Sub-application
Nuclear power plant
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

steam turbine, generator, cooling system

Process temperature range [C]
Above ambient temperature (50°C to 100°C)
Location type
Unknown
Location
industrial area
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences

According to a source, "The accident happened without any warning. "

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
0
Post-event summary

Repair cost are estimated at US$67 million. Radioactive releases were confined to noble gases in the steam within the turbine. (some sources report also release of contaminated water). Fire and flooding damaged other parts of the system, including exciter and condenser.
Plant was down for all of 1994 to repairing the turbine and clean the water contamination.

Emergency action

The reactor scrammed and all the e safety system worked properly. The tube damage resulted in circulating emergency cooling water from the nearby lake being pumped into the reactor cooling system.
While a source (EcoWatch, see reference) speaks of a 'large fire" and reports that "The plant’s fire brigade took 37 minutes to muster, dress and enter the turbine building to fight the fire. Their efforts were hindered by numerous communication problems", another source (ch2bc) mentions only that the hydrogen fire "was put out with a hand held fire extinguisher. "

Lesson Learnt

Lesson Learnt

For a general on the risk of fire in power plant turbine buildings, see HIAD ID = 042.
Assuming that improper maintenance could have been one root cause, it confirm a general on the fact that regular maintenance and inspection could have helped to prevent the catastrophic turbine failure.

In-depth data

Release type
gas
Involved substances (% vol)
H2 100%
Release temperature [°C]
25
Probable IGNITION SOURCE

References

Sources categories
NRC
Reference & weblink

US Nuclear Regulation Commission Report of 4 January 1994 https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2005/ML20059E689.pdf (accessed November 2020)

NUREG-0090 Vol. 16, No. 4
Report to Congress on Abnormal Occurrences

NRC report on ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, July 29, 1994;
https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0207/ML020730333.pdf
(accessed November 2020)

This event is listed in From T. VIROLAINEN, J. MARTTILA, H. AULAMO, "TURRBINE GENERATORS AT VVER-440 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS”, in "Upgrading of fire safety in nuclear power plants", IAEA-TECDOC-1014, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Vienna (Austria), 18-21 November 1997
https://www.iaea.org/publications/5310/upgrading-of-fire-safety-in-nucl…
(accessed July 2024)