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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Fire at a generator of a power plant

Event

Event ID
47
Quality
Description

During a turbine testing at 100 percent power, a problem developed in the auto-stop trip system, which led to a turbine and reactor trip.
The turbine stop valves closed as expected, but after closure they re-opened due to the fact that some solenoid-operated valves of the turbine protection system failed to open. Steam flow to the turbine led to an over-speed of about 160 percent of rated speed. The low-pressure turbine blades broke and penetrated the turbine shroud.
A hydrogen explosion and fires and turbine lubricating oil fires resulted. The damage in turbine generator systems was extensive, for instance the turbine, the generator and the main condenser were damaged.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Hydrogen Release and Ignition
Nature of the consequences
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
Component involved
H2 coolant system
Failure mode
rupture & ignition
Initiating cause
conventional component failure (turbine-generator)
Root CAUSE analysis

INITIATING CAUSES
The failure of the turbine was caused by its accidental re-start despite the fact that a reactor shut down was ongoing.
ROOT CAUSE
The fact that a series of malfunctioning led to the restart of the turbine indicates the safety systems were not properly designed, or at least not well integrated in an overall risk assessment considering also the emergency procedures.

Root causes
Date entry in HIAD
28/07/2024

Facility

Application
Power plant
Sub-application
Nuclear power plant
Hydrogen supply chain stage
Unknown
All components affected

turbine, collant system, cables, control room

Process temperature range [C]
Above ambient temperature (50°C to 100°C)
Process pressure range [MPa]
low to medium pressure (below 2 MPa)
Location type
Confined
Location
industrial area
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences

The release of hydrogen was preceded by the failure of the turbine.

Description of the facility/unit/process/substances

DESCRIPTION OF THE FACILITY
The nuclear power plant was a pressurised water reactor, consisting of two units of approximately 1160 MW each.

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
0
Post-event summary

A hydrogen explosion and fires and turbine lubricating oil fires resulted. The damage in turbine generator systems was extensive, for instance the turbine, the generator and the main condenser were damaged. Being the reactor shutdown, it is assumed that no radiation was lost to the environment.

Lesson Learnt

Lesson Learnt

For a generic , see HIAD ID = 042

In-depth data

Release type
Gas-liquid mixture
Involved substances (% vol)
H2,
lubricant oil
Release temperature [°C]
25
Release pressure [MPa]
0.4
Probable IGNITION SOURCE
Explosion type

References

Sources categories
Scientific article
Reference & weblink

This event is listed in From T. VIROLAINEN, J. MARTTILA, H. AULAMO, "TURRBINE GENERATORS AT VVER-440 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS”, in "Upgrading of fire safety in nuclear power plants", IAEA-TECDOC-1014, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Vienna (Austria), 18-21 November 1997
https://www.iaea.org/publications/5310/upgrading-of-fire-safety-in-nucl…
(accessed July 2024)