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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Explosion of pressurised tank during oxygen production

Event

Event ID
511
Quality
Description

The event occurred at a company producing machines for water treatment for the food industry.
A pressurized tank exploded killing two workers and shaking windows and ceilings at neighbouring companies for blocks around.

The company was developing and manufacturing pressurised tanks used in water filtration system. On the day of the accident, a worker was experimenting with a system designed to add oxygen to water, for farming applications. The system involved was an 80-gallon water storage tank . By starting generating oxygen, hydrogen gas was produced and accumulated in the storage tank. When one of the workers removed the plug from the top of the storage tank, the tank exploded.
The force of the explosion, which fire officials believe may have been the equivalent of two or three sticks of dynamite, killed both workers instantly and forced the evacuation of company and two adjacent businesses sharing the 10,000-sq. foot building.
It is plausible that the workers were unsuccessfully attempting to separate hydrogen and oxygen before feed the oxygen to the water. probably too much hydrogen was fed to the tank together with the oxygen, developing an explosive atmosphere which ignited when opening the top of the tank. Apparently the technology, which allows farmers to feed farm animals oxygen-enriched water, has been around for the last four or five years.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Hydrogen Release and Ignition
Nature of the consequences
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
Component involved
chemical storage tank
Failure mode
internal explosion
Initiating cause
unknown
Root CAUSE analysis

INITIATING cause is the opening of a tank containing hydrogen, thus mixing hydrogen with air and creating a flammable and explosive mixture.
Although the OHSA report does not provide a root cause analysis, a plausible cause was a ill-design and operative, considering the complete lack of preventive measures such as flammable gas detection. However, in absence of information on the oxygen generation system, these causes remain hypotheses.

Root causes
Unknown
Date entry in HIAD
01/01/2020

Facility

Application
Other
Sub-application
Food production
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

pressurized tank, oxygen-enriched water system

Process temperature range [C]
ambient temperature (-50°C to +50°C)
Location type
Confined
Location
populated area
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences

Two men were attempting to separate hydrogen and oxygen from a 80-gallon tank filled with water inside a research laboratory-warehouse area.
The technology allows farmers to feed farm animals oxygen-enriched water.

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
2
Number of injured persons
0
Post-event summary

Despite the presence of other tanks cotnaining corrosive acids, oxygen and hydrogen near the explosed one, no other tanks were ruptured.

Official legal action

The OHSA investigation imposed fines in the order of magnitude of $ 10000

In-depth data

Release type
gas mixture
Involved substances (% vol)
H2,
O2 (probably
Release temperature [°C]
25
Probable IGNITION SOURCE
Explosion type

References

Sources categories
OHSA
Reference & weblink

kgw.com Northwest NewsChannel8
https://www.kgw.com/news-local/stories/kgw_0708_news_explosion_milwauki…
(accessed July 2020)