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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Explosion during hydrogen transfer between a CGH2 tube trailer and a stationary storage

Event

Event ID
559
Quality
Description

[Note of HIAD event validator: the event is based on two sources. The online specifies that the affected tank was a LH2 tanker. The PHMSA report, almost empty, reports a compressed hydrogen load. More cretibility shall be given to the PHMSA report].

An explosion occurred on a tank truck whilst transferring hydrogen to a stationary storage tank. The explosion occurred near the discharge valve of the truck injuring two people and starting a fire at the point where the hydrogen was leaking from the damaged valve.

The fire was too big for the fire brigade to keep it under control. The fire could be extinguished only by approaching the site and manually closing another valve.

Both the stationary tank and the tank on the truck were not affected by the fire.

Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
Hydrogen Release and Ignition
Nature of the consequences
Macro-region
North America
Country
United States
Date
Component involved
valve (discharge)
Failure mode
rupture & ignition
Initiating cause
unknown
Root CAUSE analysis

The INITIATING cause was the failure of a valve causing the release of hydrogen.
The root cause is unknown.

Root causes
Unknown
Date entry in HIAD
01/01/2020

Facility

Application
Hydrogen transport and distribution
Sub-application
LH2 tanker
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected

discharge valve

Process temperature range [C]
cryogenic temperature (below -50°C)
Process pressure range [MPa]
low to medium pressure (below 2 MPa)
Location type
Open
Location
populated area
Operational condition

Emergency & Consequences

Number of fatalities
0
Number of injured persons
2
Post-event summary

The PHMSA report does not report injuries or damage.

Emergency action

Residents, school children and business people over a 2-square-block area were evacuated during
the 7-hour emergency.
According to the UPI new, the fire brigade was called away because of the danger and were powerless to stop the leak or the fire.

upon the arrival of he truck owner, and under his leadership, a 11-man team approached the to the burning truck and succeeded in closing a valve on the truck that transferred the hydrogen into the tanker, suffocating the fire. The tanker was moved then a distance of about 50 feet from the storage tank.

Emergency evaluation

Firefighters called the job 'extremely dangerous.'

In-depth data

Release type
gas
Involved substances (% vol)
H2 100%
Probable IGNITION SOURCE
Explosion type

References

Sources categories
News
Reference & weblink

United press International (UPI) news of 30 March 1983
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/03/30/A-tanker-truck-loaded-with-liqu…
(accessed August 2020)

Report I-1983040098 of the of the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (reported as CGH2 tube trailer incident).
https://portal.phmsa.dot.gov/analytics/saw.dll?Portalpages&PortalPath=%…
(accessed April 2025)